Wednesday, March 13, 2024

Southern China: Relative humidity hits 100% 华南地区:相对湿度达100%


South China Morning Post on Youtube has the story.

Residents in southern China found themselves grappling with extreme dampness when relative humidity climbed to 100% on March 6, according to the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau. The moisture has swept through cities in the country’s south, causing water droplets to accumulate on ceilings.

Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present.

Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water vapor needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The amount of water vapor contained within a parcel of air can vary significantly. For example, a parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 g of water per cubic metre of air at 30 °C (86 °F), but only 8 g of water per cubic metre of air at 8 °C (46 °F).

Chinese Translation:

YouTube 上的《南华早报》有这个故事。

据广东省气象局称,3月6日相对湿度攀升至100%,华南地区的居民发现自己正面临着极度潮湿的困境。 湿气席卷了该国南部的城市,导致水滴积聚在天花板上。

湿度是空气中水蒸气的浓度。 水蒸气,即水的气态,通常是人眼看不见的。 湿度表示出现降水、露水或雾的可能性。

湿度取决于感兴趣系统的温度和压力。 相同量的水蒸气导致冷空气中的相对湿度高于热空气中的相对湿度。 一个相关参数是露点。 随着温度的升高,达到饱和所需的水蒸气量也会增加。 随着空气温度的降低,它最终会达到饱和点,而不会增加或失去水质量。 一包空气中所含的水蒸气量可能会有很大差异。 例如,一块接近饱和的空气在 30 °C (86 °F) 时每立方米空气可能含有 28 克水,但在 8 °C (46 °F) 时每立方米空气仅含有 8 克水 。

Translations:

华南地区 South China
湿气 Dampness
相对湿度 Relative Humidity
广东 Guangdong
气象局 Meteorological Bureau
水分 Moisture
飞沫 Droplets
天花板 Ceiling
水蒸气 Water Vapor
沉淀 Precipitation
露 Dew
多雾路段 Fog
温度 Temperature

Saturday, March 2, 2024

China Plans Many Launches to the Moon In 2024 中国计划在 2024 年进行多次登月发射


The Space Race Channel on Youtube has the video.

See Why China Is About To Take Over The Moon In 2024!

The so-called Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese Moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). The important program encompasses lunar orbiters (spacecrafts designed to go into orbit), landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using the Long March series of rockets. A human lunar landing component may have been added to the program, after China indeed publicly announced crewed lunar landing plans by the year 2030 during a conference in July 2023.

The program's launches and flights are monitored by a telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) system, which uses 50-meter (160-foot) radio antennas in Beijing and 40-meter (130-foot) antennas in Kunming, Shanghai, and Ürümqi to form a 3,000-kilometer (1,900-mile) VLBI antenna. A proprietary ground application system is responsible for downlink data reception.

Ouyang Ziyuan, a geologist, chemical cosmologist, and the program's chief scientist, was among the first to advocate the exploitation not only of known lunar reserves of metals such as titanium, but also of helium-3, an ideal fuel for future nuclear fusion power plants. Ye Peijian serves as the program's chief commander and chief designer. Scientist Sun Jiadong is the program's general designer and Sun Zezhou is deputy general designer. The leading program manager is Luan Enjie.

The first spacecraft of the program, the Chang'e 1 lunar orbiter, was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center on 24 October 2007, having been delayed from the initial planned date of 17–19 April 2007. A second orbiter, Chang'e 2, was launched on 1 October 2010. Chang'e 3, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 1 December 2013 and successfully soft-landed on the Moon on 14 December 2013. Chang'e 4, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 7 December 2018 and landed on 3 January 2019 in the South Pole-Aitken Basin, on the far side of the Moon. A sample return mission, Chang'e 5, which launched on 23 November 2020 and returned on 16 December in the same year, brought 1,731 g (61.1 oz) of lunar samples back to Earth.

As indicated by the official insignia, the shape of a calligraphic nascent lunar crescent with two human footprints at its center reminiscent of the Chinese character 月, the Chinese character for "Moon", the ultimate objective of the program is to pave the way for a crewed mission to the Moon. China National Space Administration head Zhang Kejian had announced that China is planning to build a scientific research station on the Moon's south pole "within the next 10 years," (2019–2029).

On 12 July 2023, at the 9th China (International) Commercial Aerospace Forum in Wuhan, Hubei province, Zhang Hailian, a deputy chief designer with the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), publicly introduced a preliminary plan to land two astronauts on the Moon by the year 2030.

China Manned Space Agency (Chinese: 中国载人航天工程办公室) is an agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for the administration of China Manned Space Program, the Chinese human spaceflight program. The agency is under the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission.

Chinese Translation:

所谓的中国探月计划(CLEP;中文:中国探月;拼音:Zhōngguó Tànyuè),也称为嫦娥工程(中文:嫦娥工程;拼音:Cháng'é Gōngchéng),以中国月亮女神嫦娥的名字命名 “e”是中国国家航天局(CNSA)正在进行的一系列机器人月球任务。 这一重要计划包括使用长征系列火箭发射的月球轨道飞行器(设计用于进入轨道的航天器)、着陆器、漫游车和样本返回航天器。 在中国确实在 2023 年 7 月的一次会议上公开宣布了 2030 年载人登月计划之后,载人登月部分可能已被添加到该计划中。

该计划的发射和飞行由遥测、跟踪和指挥 (TT&C) 系统进行监控,该系统在北京使用 50 米(160 英尺)无线电天线,在昆明、上海和上海使用 40 米(130 英尺)天线。 乌鲁木齐将组建一个 3,000 公里(1,900 英里)的 VLBI 天线。 专有的地面应用系统负责下行数据接收。

地质学家、化学宇宙学家、该计划的首席科学家欧阳自远是最早主张不仅要开发月球已知金属储量(例如钛),而且还要开发氦-3(未来核聚变发电的理想燃料)的人之一。 植物。 叶培建担任该项目总指挥、总设计师。 科学家孙家栋担任该项目总设计师,孙泽洲担任副总设计师。 首席项目经理是栾恩杰。

该计划的第一艘航天器嫦娥一号月球轨道飞行器于 2007 年 10 月 24 日从西昌卫星发射中心发射升空,比原计划的 2007 年 4 月 17 日至 19 日推迟。第二艘轨道飞行器嫦娥二号 ,于2010年10月1日发射。嫦娥三号包括着陆器和月球车,于2013年12月1日发射,并于2013年12月14日在月球上成功软着陆。嫦娥四号包括着陆器和月球车 ,于2018年12月7日发射,并于2019年1月3日在月球背面的南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。 嫦娥五号样本返回任务于 2020 年 11 月 23 日发射,并于同年 12 月 16 日返回,将 1,731 克(61.1 盎司)月球样本带回地球。

正如官方标志所示,书法新月的形状,中心有两个人的脚印,让人想起汉字“月”,该计划的最终目标是为 载人登月任务。 中国国家航天局局长张克俭宣布,中国计划“在未来10年内”(2019-2029年)在月球南极建立一个科学研究站。

2023年7月12日,在湖北省武汉市举行的第九届中国(国际)商业航天论坛上,中国载人航天工程局副总设计师张海莲公开介绍了载人登月的初步方案 到2030年。

中国载人航天工程办公室是中华人民共和国负责管理中国载人航天工程的机构。 该机构隶属于中央军委装备发展部。

Read more here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Manned_Space_Agency